Fall+Sem+Review+1314

1314 Fall Semester Review SELECTED ANSWERS AND NOTES

Page 2 #1 upper --- ANSWER: b. Ecosystem services are the process by which natural environments provide life-supporting resources.
 * 1) 1 lower --- ANSWER: E.O. Wilson wrote that humans exhibit biophilia, which is the love of LIFE

Page 3 #9 --- ANSWER: Inductive reasoning is the process of making general statements from specific facts or examples

-#10 --- ANSWER: Deductive reasoning is the process of applying a general statement to specific facts or situations.

Page 22 #2, --- ANSWER: The formula for cellular respiration is photosynthesis backwards:

---C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 > Energy + 6 H 2 O + CO 2

---3, --- ANSWER: __SEE FIGURE 3.9 to the right -->__

---4 --- ANSWER: Fast carbon is associated with lifespans of living organisms; it is cycling in the environment through life processes.- ---Slow carbon is stored in "sinks" or long-term storage areas, such as rocks, soils, or petroleum hydrocarbons; because it is cycling through the rock cycle, it can be stored for millions of years.

Page 50 #9 --- ANSWER: e. RESOURCE PARTITIONING is exemplified by two bird species sharing a food in different ways: as one eats large seeds, while the other eats small seeds.

Page 51 #12 --- ANSWER: USE THE POPULATION GROWTH RATE FORMULA (Births-deaths) + (Immigration - emigration)/ all divided by the initial population then multiply your answer by 100. Correct answer is a. 0.9%

Page 52 # 15 --- ANSWER: e. multiply the size of the pop by the growth rate

Page 53 ---18 --- ANSWER: a. India's population is growing rapidly (has a classic pyramidal shape)

Page 54 # 19 --- ANSWER: b. During phases 1 and 4 the population remains stable. --#20. -- ANSWER: b During the TRANSITIONAL PHASE, phase 2, the population is growing rapidly!

Page 55 #23 --- ANSWER: a. The agricultural revolution led to an increase in the size of the human population! ---25 --- ANSWER: b. GDP is made up of consumer spending, population growth, government spending, and exports minus imports, but NOT POPULATION GROWTH.

Page 62---#6 NOTE: TOP LAYER OF SOIL CONTAINS THE MOST ORGANIC MATERIAL!!!! 8 --- ANSWER: Figure 8.23 is showing that sand is very porous, so water flows through quickly. Silt is less porous, so water flows through more slowly than sand. Clay is impermeable: it holds water and does not allow water to move through.
 * 1) 7 --- ANSWER: Five properties determining soil are PARENT MATERIAL, CLIMATE, TOPOGRAPHY, ORGANISMS, and TIME!

9 --- ANSWER: Surface mining retrieves minerals located close to the surface of the Earth's crust. ---Subsurface mining retrieves minerals located more than 100 meters below Earth's surface.

Page 67 #3 --- ANSWER: c. 1000 times greater. (The Richter scale, like the pH scale, increases by a factor of 10 at each level, so increasing 3 levels means you are 10x10x10 times greater)

Page 69#15 --- ANSWER: b. that land be minimally disturbed during the mining process, and be reclaimed or restored afterwards.

Page 79 #2 --- ANSWER: j. agricultural method in which land is cleared and used for a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients. Then the farmers switch to new land and deplete it.

Page 82 #7 --- ANSWER: Sustainable agricultural practices include intercropping, crop rotation, agroforestry, contour plowing and no-till agriculture. They differ from traditional practices in maintaining the fertility (level of nutrients) in the soil, and decreasing erosion and harmful runoff.